Sunday, 6 September 2026

Microbit Express 3.0 with all the bells and whistles



 

Once I had the power adaptor working with the two motors, I wanted to take the project one step further.

The obvious next challenge was: could I actually fit all of this inside a LEGO train?

The answer, as it turns out, was yes — although it was a bit of a squeeze.

I started by adding lights to the train. I wanted lights at both the front and the back, so I connected one set of lights to motor 1 connector and repeated this for the the second set of lights adding them to the motor 2 connector. This meant that everything could run from the same battery supply rather than needing separate power sources.



I didn't actually have the LEGO light brick I needed, so I improvised. The light was
hot-glued into place instead. It's not exactly the most elegant LEGO solution, but it works — and once the body of the train is back together, you can't really see it.

The next problem was fitting everything inside.

There are now two motors, the battery holder, the power adaptor, wiring and the front and rear lights all competing for space inside a relatively small LEGO train.

There was quite a lot of carefully arranging wires, moving components around and trying to get everything to fit without stopping the train body from going back together.

Eventually, I managed it.

The result is a LEGO train that looks fairly normal from the outside but has quite a lot going on underneath. The two motors provide the drive, while the battery pack also controls the lights at either end.

It's definitely not the neatest piece of LEGO engineering I've ever produced, but that's rather the point of this project. I'm interested in seeing what can be made to work with the parts I have, rather than designing the perfect solution from the beginning.

And, importantly, it works.

From a cheap adaptor and some wiring to a fully powered LEGO train with two motors and lights front and back. 


Here is a video of it working:


https://x.com/ChrisPenn84/status/2096696401845432332/video/1?s=46




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Creating a Micro:bit a LEGO motor connecter

 

Creating a Micro:bit a LEGO motor connecter

I wanted to experiment with connecting some of my LEGO electronics to a Micro:bit. The problem was finding a simple way of getting the LEGO connector onto the Micro:bit without destroying any expensive LEGO cables.

The answer turned out to be very cheap extension cables from AliExpress.



They were only around £1.46, so I bought a few to experiment with. At that price, cutting one up didn’t feel too painful!

Cutting the cable

First, decide how long you want the cable to be and cut it to length.




Once cut, carefully expose the four wires inside the cable.




There are four individual wires. Twist the two wires on the right together, and then repeat this with the two wires on the left.

This leaves you with two connections rather than four.




Those two connections can then be attached to the Micro:bit, as shown below.

And that’s it. A £1-ish LEGO extension cable has become a very useful little interface for experimenting with LEGO electronics and a Micro:bit.

Sometimes the simplest solutions are the best ones. I've found that you can also stack them. So I have been able to run a motor and lights from the same connector with no issue. 


 

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Saturday, 22 August 2026

How to Connect LEGO Power Functions Motors to a Micro:bit Without Cutting the Connector

How to Connect LEGO Power Functions Motors to a Micro:bit Without Cutting the Connector

 


If you've seen any of my LEGO coding projects before, you'll probably recognise this setup: a Micro:bit, motor controller and LEGO motor.

Until now, I've always had to cut the original LEGO connector off the motor and wire it directly to the motor controller. For my own projects this hasn't been a problem, but I know a lot of people understandably don't want to permanently modify or sacrifice their LEGO motors.

Today I think I've found a much better solution.

As you can see above, I've attached a LEGO Power Functions connector to the motor output on my motor controller board. This creates a simple adapter that allows a LEGO Power Functions motor to be connected directly to the motor controller without cutting the original LEGO cable.

I've only carried out some initial testing so far, but the early results are very promising. I can now connect a LEGO Power Functions motor directly to the motor controller using my homemade adapter.

The first test

Here is my first attempt at running a LEGO motor through the new adapter:

https://x.com/ChrisPenn84/status/2091255420975223166

As you can see, it works!

This could make things much easier for anyone who wants to combine LEGO Power Functions motors with Micro:bit projects, particularly if you don't want to cut or modify your LEGO motors.

The great thing is that there should be no need to sacrifice LEGO motors anymore. Even better, the connectors needed to make these adapters cost only a few pounds from places such as AliExpress.

What's next?

This is still an early prototype, so I haven't tested it extensively yet. I'm going to try it with some different LEGO motors and use it in some of my upcoming Micro:bit projects.

I'll also write a separate post explaining exactly how I modified the connector and made the adapter. It's actually surprisingly simple, and I'll show the steps involved so you can make your own.

Hopefully this will make it much easier to combine LEGO, Micro:bit and Power Functions without having to destroy perfectly good LEGO motors.

And if you like this project, check out my other LEGO and Micro:bit projects for more experiments and ideas.

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Tuesday, 21 July 2026

2026 and onwards landing page

The definitive landing page  

Since 2013 I've been documenting projects exploring computing education, physical computing, Minecraft, Raspberry Pi, micro:bit and, more recently, AI. This page brings everything together in one place.


Raspberry Pi 

Why I got into Raspeberry Pi's link

GPIO zero Minecraft "Whack on board Led's" link

Sense Hat pixel art V1 link

Experiments with GPIOTriggers / switches link

The Pi 5 link

How to get Minecraft Pi working on a Pi 5 link

N.b. Many are Raspberry Pi but fit in better with other topics. 

Micro:bit

New Microbit Motor Control 2.0 (no more sacraficing motor connectors) link

New Creating a Lego Motor connector to use with Microbits and Motor controllers link 

New Microbit 3.0 all the bells and whistles link 

Micro:Bit and Minecraft Traffic lights link

What can "UCreate" with a Micro:Bit and Neo Pixels link


What can "UCreate" with a Micro:bit and Neo-pixels (Moody Storm Trooper). link

What can "UCreate" with a Micro:bit and Neo-pixels(Neon Axe) link

What can "UCreate" with a Micro:bit and Neo-pixels (Radio activated lights V1) link

What can "UCreate" with a Micro:bit and a Rasperry Pi 1 (Minecraft Pi and Micro:bit TNT roulette ) link

What can "UCreate" with a Micro:bit and a Rasperry Pi 2 (Minecraft random serial bounce) link

What can "UCreate" with a Micro:bit and a Rasperry Pi 3 (Minecraft random radio bounce) link

CPC UCreate Micro:bit resources all in one place link

Micro:bit and the neo pixel strip / Codebug colour star link


Microbit BitIO

Not BitIO related atm but might be useful 


New Microbit Motor Control 2.0 (no more sacraficing motor connectors) link

New Creating a Lego Motor connector to use with Microbits and Motor controllers link 

New Microbit 3.0 all the bells and whistles link 

Micro:bit with Minecraft projects overview of all projects link


Blog 1: Getting Started with BitIO
http://warksjammy.blogspot.co.uk/2017/07/blog-1-getting-started-with-bitio.html

Blog 2: Extending the Accelerometer demo: Walking Rainbow Blocks
http://warksjammy.blogspot.co.uk/2017/07/blog-2-extending-accelerometer-demo.html

Blog 3: Extending the accelerometer 'Tilting Rainbow Road'
http://warksjammy.blogspot.co.uk/2017/07/bitio-blog-3-extending-accelerometer.html

Blog 4: 'Tilt me around the world'
http://warksjammy.blogspot.co.uk/2017/08/blo.html

Blog 5: 'Touching pins..... simple'
http://warksjammy.blogspot.co.uk/2017/08/bitio-blog-5-touch-pins.html

Blog 6: 'Touching pins takes you places'
http://warksjammy.blogspot.co.uk/2017/08/bitio-blog-6-touching-pinstakes-you.html

Blog 7: ''Minecraft CPU temperature graphing"
http://warksjammy.blogspot.co.uk/2017/09/bitio-blog-7-minecraft-cpu-temperature.html

Blog 8: Accelerometer in Space.
http://warksjammy.blogspot.co.uk/2017/12/virtual-jam-blog-3-bitio-blog-8space.html#!/2017/12/virtual-jam-blog-3-bitio-blog-8space.html

Blog 9: PixelCraft

http://warksjammy.blogspot.com/2018/01/bitio-blog-9-pixelcraft-this-uses-david.html

Blog 10: Micro:bit Transport

http://warksjammy.blogspot.co.uk/2018/01/bitio-blog-10-microbit-transport.html

Blog 11: Pixel Craft 2.0

http://warksjammy.blogspot.com/2018/01/bitio-blog-11-pixelcraft-20.html

Blog 12: Pixel Cakes(RPI big birthday weekend resource)
http://warksjammy.blogspot.com/2018/02/rpi-big-birthday-weekend-pixel-cakes.html

Blog 13: "Push button racing"
https://pi-resources.me/2018/03/04/racing/

Blog 14: Scalable Housing
http://warksjammy.blogspot.com/2018/04/bitio-blog-14-scalable-housing.html

Blog 15: Edublocks BitIO
link

16 Introduction to Scratchy:bit IO
link

Lego + Code (mixed platforms)

Using micro:bits to control Lego tutorials overview link


Blog 1: Lights on: Link

Blog 2: The Micro:bit Express V1 : Link

Blog 2a: Edublocks Micro:bit Express V1 version(simple motor control)  link

Blog 2b: Edublocks Micro:bit Express V1.5 Remote controlled link

Blog 3: Micro:bit Express 2.0 'adjustable speed' : Link 

Blog 4: The Raspberry Express : Link  

Blog 5 : Micro:bit controlled Lego Ferris Wheel : Link


Blog 6: Raspberry Pi powered Lego Ferris wheel : Link 

Blog 7: 3D printed Lego Christmas Tree / coded light : Link

Blog 8:Lego RC "car" with Raspberry Pi : Link

Blog 9: Blocks controlling blocks: 'Using Minecraft to control Lego motors' : Link

Blog 10: Raspberry Zero Express Link

Blog 11: Stop frame animation with Lego : Link

Blog 12:  Micro:bit controlled Rollercoaster Link

Blog 13: Micro:bit Express EduBlocks simple Link

Blog 14: Micro:bit Express EduBlocks remote controlled Link

Microbit Express 3.0 link

Microbit Express 3.5(Controlling multiple trains) link

REMOTE Controlling a Lego train motor with a micro:bit link

Revisiting the Microbit Express link

New Microbit Motor Control 2.0 (no more sacraficing motor connectors) link

New Creating a Lego Motor connector to use with Microbits and Motor controllers link 

Minecraft

Minecraft Pi: Minegraph(Visualising Data in Minecraft) link format (Pi/ Java edition Minecraft)

Micro:Bit and Minecraft Traffic lights link format (Pi/ Java edition Minecraft)

Whack a block and trigger an event in Minecraft link format (Pi/ Java edition Minecraft)

Rainbow Spiral using Minecraft Turtle from Martin O'Hanlon link format (Pi/ Java edition Minecraft)
Visualising Temperature data in a more inspiring way without hitting the wall in Minecraft link format (Pi/ Java edition Minecraft /  astro pi emulator)
#Hackpack Minecraft resources from community input link format (Pi/ Java edition Minecraft)
The tweeting selfie machine link format (Pi/ Java edition Minecraft
Minecraft #hackpack anthology volume 2 link format (Pi/ Java edition Minecraft)
Minecraft 8*8 Pixel art wall (wool edition) link format (Pi/ Java edition Minecraft)

24 hours tracking the ISS in Minecraft and Twitter link format (Pi/ Java edition Minecraft) 

25 hacks of Minecraft Christmas 2018 edition link

25 Hacks of Christmas 2020 link


Exabytes 2019 Minecraft and Microbits link

How to get Minecraft Pi working on a Pi 5 link


Minecraft Education edition

Command blocks

Blog 1 : My First Command Block

Blog 3:  Give inventory and changing weather



MakeCode


M:EE MakeCode blog 1: Getting started.

Minecraft Pi / Java edition experiments with code link

Whack a block link

Walking random blocks link

Force Field link

Rainbbow Road link


Ai

Experiments with Ai an overview link

Experiments with Ai: Recall quiz's link

Using AI to evolve a Curriculum: What Does It Actually Look Like? link


Edublocks

Getting started on Raspberry Pi link  

EduBlocks walking blocks with Minecraft on Raspberry Pi link 

EduBlocks blog 3 the Minecraft update: Pixelart block link

The Liverpool Makefest Minecraft Pixel Art twitter bot link

Exabytes 17 workshops v1 link

Graphing live data in Minecraft
http://warksjammy.blogspot.co.uk/2017/06/exabytes-17-workshops-v1.html

Bridging the gap between visual coding and text based coding with EduBlocks.
http://warksjammy.blogspot.co.uk/2017/10/edublocks-blog-6-123-coding-cards.html

Edublocks : BitIO 'Hello Micro:bit, hello Minecraft' link

Raspberry Jams

Eagle Labs Raspberry Jam Link

Leamington Raspberry Jam Link

Raspberry Jam resources in a zip file Link

Minecraft Raspberry Jam link

Leamington Raspberry Jam 2.0 link

Coventry Raspberry Jam 19 link

Coventry and Warwickshire Jam '21 Stop frame Lego animations link

Scratch

Other

Thanks is a dish served communally ..... link

Craig and Dave flipped learning questions link 

Monday, 20 July 2026

Experiments with Ai: recall

Experiment #1: Can AI Save Me Time Creating Recall Quizzes?

When Ai(my only experience so far is Co-Pilot and more recently ChatGPT) first appeared, like many teachers, I was curious.

Not because I thought it was going to revolutionise education overnight, but because I wanted to know whether it could genuinely help with some of the more repetitive jobs that come with teaching.

Just after Christmas last year, I knew I had a much bigger project ahead of me. Our KS3 Computer Science curriculum needed a new Ai unit and I wanted to create a completely new Scheme of Learning. Before trusting AI with something as important as curriculum design, I decided to start much smaller.

Could it create useful recall quizzes?

Creating retrieval quizzes is one of those jobs that takes longer than people realise. Writing one quiz isn't difficult, but when you're creating one for every lesson across an entire Scheme of Learning, the hours soon add up.

It seemed like the perfect place to begin my experiments.

The Question

Can generative AI create recall quizzes that I'd actually be happy to use in the classroom?

Not just quickly.

Not just in large quantities.

But quizzes that accurately assess the key knowledge from a lesson and help students retrieve what they've learned.

The Experiment

My first attempt was deliberately simple.

I uploaded the PowerPoint from an existing lesson and asked ChatGPT to generate a 10-question multiple-choice recall quiz based on its contents.

The goal was simple.

If this worked, I could potentially create recall quizzes for every lesson in a Scheme of Learning in a fraction of the time it would normally take.

My original prompt looked something like this.

Prompt 1

The results were surprisingly good...but they weren't always consistent.

The Result

The short answer?

Yes...but not consistently.

ChatGPT had no problem producing quizzes at scale. Within seconds I had a complete recall quiz.

The challenge wasn't speed.

It was quality.

Some quizzes were excellent and tested exactly what I wanted students to remember.

Others focused on minor details, occasionally missed important concepts or simply didn't have enough information to work from.

I quickly realised something that seems obvious now.

My teaching PowerPoints weren't written as standalone learning resources.

They were designed to support my explanations during a lesson.

AI only sees what's written on the slides.

It doesn't hear everything you say.

What I Changed

Like most things with AI, better input produced better output.

Instead of simply asking ChatGPT to create a recall quiz, I became much more specific about what I wanted.

After several iterations my prompt evolved to include instructions such as:

  • Generate 10 multiple-choice questions
  • Questions should become progressively more challenging
  • Include five answer options
  • Randomise the position of the correct answer
  • Produce an answer key

That last point might sound trivial, but one of my earliest quizzes had a worrying habit of making Option B the correct answer far too often!

Here's the updated version of the prompt.

Prompt 2

I also realised that the quality of the source material mattered just as much as the prompt.

Where possible I began uploading:

  • OCR specification statements
  • lesson notes
  • transcripts from YouTube videos
  • textbook extracts
  • additional teacher notes

The richer the information, the better the quizzes became.

For A Level topics, I found that uploading the specification alongside the lesson PowerPoint produced particularly reliable results.

Example Output

One of the examples I tested was from OCR A Level Computer Science – Systems Software (1.2.1 a–d).

The resulting quiz looked like this.

A-Level Computer Science Recall Quiz

Systems Software (1.2.1 a–d)

Question 1

What is the primary purpose of an operating system?

A. To permanently store files

B. To create application software

C. To manage the computer's hardware and software resources

D. To connect computers to the internet

E. To increase the speed of the CPU

Question 2

Which memory management technique divides memory into fixed-size blocks called pages?

A. Paging

B. Segmentation

C. Virtual Memory

D. Caching

E. Defragmentation

Question 3

What is an interrupt?

A. A type of CPU register

B. A section of RAM

C. A scheduling algorithm

D. A program stored in the BIOS

E. A signal that requests the CPU's attention

Question 4

Which scheduling algorithm always executes the process that arrived first?

A. Round Robin

B. First Come First Served (FCFS)

C. Shortest Job First

D. Shortest Remaining Time

E. Multi-Level Feedback Queue

Question 5

Why is virtual memory used?

A. To make the processor run faster

B. To permanently store application software

C. To reduce the size of RAM modules

D. To allow programs to continue running when RAM is full by using secondary storage

E. To improve internet performance

Question 6

What happens immediately after the CPU receives an interrupt?

A. The CPU finishes executing its current instruction before responding

B. The computer immediately shuts down

C. The current program is deleted

D. The interrupt is ignored until the program ends

E. The BIOS restarts automatically

Question 7

Which scheduling algorithm gives every process a fixed amount of CPU time before moving to the next process?

A. First Come First Served

B. Shortest Remaining Time

C. Round Robin

D. Multi-Level Feedback Queue

E. Priority Scheduling

Question 8

Which statement best describes segmentation?

A. Memory is divided into equal-sized pages.

B. Secondary storage replaces RAM.

C. Programs are stored alphabetically.

D. Each process is allocated exactly the same amount of memory.

E. Memory is divided into variable-sized sections based on logical program components.

Question 9

An operating system is using the Shortest Job First scheduling algorithm. Four processes are waiting with estimated execution times of 8 ms, 3 ms, 6 ms and 2 ms.

Which process will run next?

A. 8 ms

B. 2 ms

C. 3 ms

D. 6 ms

E. The one that arrived first

Question 10

A user is editing a document when they press a key on the keyboard.

Which sequence correctly describes what happens?

A. The ISR runs → Interrupt occurs → CPU saves state → Program resumes

B. CPU saves state → Program resumes → Interrupt occurs → ISR runs

C. Interrupt occurs → Program resumes → ISR runs → CPU saves state

D. Interrupt occurs → CPU completes the current instruction → CPU saves its state → ISR executes → Original program resumes

E. Interrupt occurs → Computer restarts → ISR executes → Program resumes

Answer Key

QAnswer
1C
2A
3E
4B
5D
6A
7C
8E
9B
10D

What I Learned

This experiment taught me something that has stayed with me throughout every AI experiment since.

AI isn't really about writing better content.

It's about giving it better information.

If your PowerPoint contains very little text because you provide the explanation during the lesson, don't expect AI to magically fill in the gaps.

Instead, provide richer sources of information such as:

  • specification statements
  • lesson notes
  • textbook extracts
  • transcripts from videos
  • model answers

The better the context, the better the output.

I also discovered that prompt engineering genuinely matters.

Small additions—such as asking for progressively harder questions, believable distractors and randomised answer positions—made a noticeable difference to the finished quiz.

Would I Use It Again?

Absolutely.

In fact, it's something I now use regularly.

Once I'd refined both the prompt and the information I was providing, AI became an excellent first draft generator.

Would I use the very first quiz it produced without checking it?

No.

Would I happily let AI produce a first draft that I could review in a couple of minutes?

Every time.

For me, this is one of the first classroom tasks where AI genuinely saved me time without compromising quality.

It doesn't replace teacher expertise.

It simply gives me more time to use that expertise where it matters most.

Experiment Verdict

Would I Use It Again? Yes.

Key Takeaways

  • AI is excellent at generating recall quizzes when it has enough context.
  • A PowerPoint isn't always enough—adding specifications, lesson notes or video transcripts dramatically improves the results.
  • Small prompt improvements can make a surprisingly big difference.
  • Always review the final quiz before giving it to students.
  • AI works best as a first draft, leaving the teacher to apply their professional judgement.


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